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Nonius Marcellus
Nonius Marcellus was a Roman grammarian of the 4th or 5th century AD. His only surviving work is the ''De compendiosa doctrina'', a dictionary or encyclopedia in 20 books that shows his interests in antiquarianism and Latin literature from Plautus to Apuleius. Nonius may have come from Africa.〔Matthew Bunson, ''A Dictionary of the Roman Empire'' (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 258.〕
==Life==
Little is known about Nonius. The full title of his work, ''Noni Marcelli Peripatetici Tubursicensis de Conpendiosa Doctrina ad filium'', indicates that he was a Peripatetic philosopher from Thubursicum in Numidia. An inscription at Thubursicum dedicated by a certain "Nonius Marcellus Herculius" in 323 AD indicates that his family was based in that area.〔''CIL'' VIII 4878; W. M. Lindsay, ''Noni Marcelli'', vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p. xiii.〕 Since Nonius does not mention Christianity and calls himself a peripatetic, he seems not to have converted.〔H. Nettleship, ''American Journal of Philology'' Vol. 3, No. 9 (1882), pp. 1-16. pp. 2–3: "His assumption of the title ''Peripateticus'' justifies us in concluding further that he was not a Christian; the contents of his book prove that he was an eager student of ancient and classical Latin. He may fairly therefore be classed, for literary purposes, among the non-Christian scholars and antiquarians of the fourth and fifth centuries; with Servius the commentator on Vergil, Macrobius, and the elder Symmachus."〕
Nonius quotes Aulus Gellius and other 2nd-century compilers, and is himself quoted and praised three times by Priscian in the 5th century, and so must have lived between these dates.〔W. M. Lindsay, ''Noni Marcelli'', vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p. xiii. Note 2 lists references to Nonius by Priscian in ''Inst.'' I, p. 35; I. p. 269 and 499.〕 According to the ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', he was probably active in the first half of the 4th century,〔Robert Browning, "Grammarians," in the ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', vol. 2: ''Latin Literature'', 1982, p. 769.〕 although some scholars of the 19th and early 20th centuries thought he might have lived later in the 4th or even in the 5th century.〔W. M. Lindsay, ''Nonius Marcellus'', St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1.〕 It has also been argued that Nonius was a contemporary of Severan authors such as Apuleius, or lived shortly after.〔Paul T. Keyser, ''Late Authors in Nonius Marcellus and Other Evidence of His Date'', ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', Vol. 96 (1994), pp. 369–389. pp. 388–9: "The prevailing belief that Nonius must belong roughly to the fourth century A.D. is based on little more than the tendency to presume that an undatable Latin work associated with a Roman aristocrat dates from the fourth century A.D. ... The inference that Nonius is Severan is ... based on ... the otherwise isolated and inexplicable cluster of quotations of authors dated to ca. A.D. 160-210 in the context of Nonius' express preference for the auctoritas of Republican and Augustan authors. Furthermore, this is supported by some items of contemporary language he records, by his heavy use of rolls rather than codices, and by his designation as a Peripatetic. In the end, one can conclude that he is to be dated to ca. A.D. 205–20."〕
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